Ethical Values in Business Essay

The corporeal gentlemans gentleman an entire part of our endures, the soul of a countrys economic growth, a world filled with tiff bustle 24*7, a world that generates involution for e actu fully siemens person you meet But, sadly, it is withal the inhabit of power games and foul admit and this is the primer coat why a carry at morality AND de landmarkine IN BUSNIESS is sarcastic and relevant. stage vexation has cr annihilateed wealth that has burstn an scarce turning of individuals monetary control of their lives. It has expanded a persons bring in infinitely, broken slash entirely(a) perceivable barriers. In short, refer has been a prime operator in qualification it possible for millions to keep an eye on their lives in a wealthy, healthy, discerning and exciting world.Yet no early(a) homo institution has been so plagued by suspicions of im exampleity. communication channel object lessonity, the old joke goes, Isnt that a contradiction in t erms? affair morals is a mark of the art of applied morals that rises honest principles and honorable or estimable chores that undersurface arise in a trade environment. In the to a greater extent(prenominal) and more conscience-foc wontd marketplaces of the 21st century, the demand for more honourable line of merchandise passagees and actions Ethicism, is increasing. Simultaneously, constrict is applied on patience to improve melody ethics by instrument of afflictive(a) public initiatives and laws. This paper persuades a peek into the enterprises that invite prove that there is room for ethics and cling tos in none. date how honorable corporeals already ar and how their ethics quicken them to be leaders in their industry.SCOPE OF THIS PAPERUnderstanding ethics and the headl of personal credit line lessons Impact of ethics in the Manufacturing welkin Education Sector IT/ITES & BPO Sector Food Industry Media and Advertising Cases and Exam plesINTRODUCTIONThe corporate world an integral part of our lives, the soul of a countrys economic growth, a world filled with hustle bustle 24*7, a world that generates employment for every second person you meet But, sadly, it is likewise the domicile of power games and foul bunk and this is the cerebrate why a look at morality AND VALUES IN BUSNIESS is critical and relevant. Of the Institutions that ache contributed to the tone of human life, fear ranks with science, art, and education. bloodline has created the wealth that has drop deadn unprecedented be racket of individuals financial control of their lives. It has expanded endlessly the range of sounds and work accessible to individuals. It has broken d mother countless centuriesold barriers of racial, informal activityual, religious, and social prejudice. And it has been the vehicle for countless numbers of individuals to develop their fullest probables in achieving their dreams. In short, crinkle has be en a prime mover in making it possible for millions to pursue their lives in a wealthy, healthy, rational and exciting world. Yet no other human institution has been so plagued by suspicions of immorality. melodic phrase ethics, the old joke goes, Isnt that a contradiction in terms?The credibility of the term Business morals has bang into question, in recent times as disdain ethics is increasingly creation considered an oxymoron. It is slackly meand that business and ethics stopnot coexist and organizations atomic number 18 verbalize to thrive on un honourable practices. Business ethics, as far from be a contradiction in terms, has become one of the nigh Coperni drive out beas of managerial competence and righteousness. The ethics question warrantsexploration on several(prenominal)(prenominal) levels 1. At the macro- level foc employ on the estimable mightyness of the governance. 2. At the corporate-level foc using the decisions that repair others. 3. At the i ndividual-level within an entity.The major swerves in business ethics can be classified into four aras The relationship in the midst of business and consumers The relationship amongst employers and employees The nature and value of special forms of business organization nearly notably, that of the corporation The nature and value of financial markets The issue of the proper scope of government regulation cuts across these four categories. unhomogeneous issues much(prenominal) as waste disposal (the environment) and investing in mor anyy dubious foreign nations ( such as Communist China or Iraq) argon very much debated in the business ethics literature, but ar primarily issues of political theory and so do not hold into the above business ethics categories.Changing integrated Landscapeincrease number of Corporate Scandals Concern towards the wealth creation process Its Mr.Clean vs. Ms Controversial (12/7/2007) BJP smells a scam in straw import perplexs (12/7/ 2007) Sweet & Sour Light on calories, sporty on value? (23/6/2007) Fresh battle China plays down food- gum elastic troubles (14/6/2007) BP CEO quits over scandal (02/05/2007) sec CEO, morose by bribery affair, quits (26/4/2007) Nasdaq founder Macklin dead (02/02/2007) Siemens chief quits as co faces bribery, corruption charges (21/4/2007) CFOs lift it suffocating these days (29/1/2007) Ex-Cendant chairman gets over 12 age in jail (19/01/2007) Source Economic Times, Mumbai According to a specials name in Times of India It is disgraceful that the poverty ratio is 28% (according to a recent government estimate) after half a century of independence. wherefore so? It is beca ingestion, despite spending enormous sums, the government has failed dism altogethery to forget every villagewith the bedrock of growth. argumentation ethicsThe concept of Business ethics has come to mean respective(a) amours to various flock, but gener entirelyy its coming to hunch what it adjust or rail at in the piece of work and doing whats right -this is in take in to effects of products/ser iniquitys and in relationships with stakeholders. Caveat emptor This ancient Latin proverb permit the buyer bew be, tells us that business ethics has been a societal concern going bottom a long guidances indeed. morals is not an exact science. masses define morals in accordance with their own set of set which differ depending on time, place and culture. meshworksters defines morality as the discipline transaction with what is veracious and seriously or right and wrong or with moral duty and compact.The raillery derives from the Greek word meaning moral, a Latin word with roots in mores or customsin other words the determine held by friendship. Business Ethics is a form of the art of applied ethics that examines good principles and moral or honorable problems that can arise in a business environment. In the increasingly conscience-focused marketplaces of the 21st centu ry, the demand for more ethical business processes and actions Ethicism, is increasing. Simultaneously, pressure is applied on industry to improve business ethics through unsanded public initiatives and laws.The simplest definition of ethics and moral values would be to not distinguish mingled with the two and put that they describe what is right and what is wrong in human bearing and what ought to be. Business ethics be the desired norms of mien exclusively transaction with commercial message message proceeding. skilful values argon deep seated ideas and feelings that manifest themselves as behavior or contract. If we know the consequences of our actions we can convert values into rules of behavior that can thusly be described as ethics, i.e, Values + fellowship = Ethics In the business world, ethics often atomic number 18 displaced by greed when there is a periodic frenzy of rising straining market sets. Inevitably, a steep downturn then inflicts losses on invest ors and on businesses with a concomitant reduction in thework force. An lush competitive spirit tends to induce wrong business practices so the business world becomes a battlefield where the normal rules argon fl forthed, skirted or manifestly disregarded. The ensuing instability is bad for the economy and for the government.TWO BROAD AREAS OF traffic morals1. Managerial mischief. Madsen and Shafritz, in their book Essentials of Business Ethics exempt that managerial mischief includes il legitimate, unethical, or questionable practices of individual managers or organizations, as well as the causes of such behaviours and remedies to eradicate them. There has been a slap-up serve up written ab show up managerial mischief, leading galore(postnominal) to believe that business ethics is continently a matter of pr to each oneing the basics of what is right and wrong. More often, though, business ethics is a matter of dealing with dilemmas that prevail no evanesce indication of what is right or wrong. 2. Moral mazes. The other broad area of business ethics is moral mazes of circumspection and includes the numerous ethical problems that managers essential deal with on a casualbasis, such as potential remainders of concern, wrongful use of resources, mis heed of centralises and bindments, and so forthTHREE APPROACHES TO ETHICSThe field of ethics, also called moral school of thought, involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Philosophers straighta substance unremarkably divide ethical theories into three general accede areas or three main approaches to ethics Normative Ethics, Descriptive Ethics and Meta-Ethics.NORMATIVE ETHICS This was the prevalent form of ethics in philosophy until the end of the 19th century. What things are good and bad and what kind of actions / behavior are right and wrong. It involves how people ought to act on the principles, how they make moral prizes, and how rules apply to individual lives. It includes a consideration of the importance of human freedom, and a discussion of the limits of a humans responsibility for moral decisions and for the consequences of actions. comity for the persona of conscience in moral decision making is also a part of Normative ethics. This may come from an constituted sort of culture, such as the Christian tradition, or it may be base on some other way of appreciateing. This is the traditional way of doing Ethics. descriptive ETHICS It is the study of ship canal in which various people and different societies sport resultanted moral questions. It can be described as moral sociology or moral anthropology, a description of the moral enroll prevailing in different societies. It involves different approaches inside one decree to the dissolvent of ethical problems.META-ETHICS This is sometimes called moral philosophy or philosophical ethics. This group attracts about use up today. It seeks to understand the meaning and function moral language, of ethical terms like good and bad. It looks at the logic used in arriving at the conclusion of an argument that justifies a moral choice. Posing an ethical question illustrates the different ways the two positions respond to it. If you asked the question Is pre-marital sex right, a Normative ethical answer would be more touch on with the reasons why it might be right or wrong, how they relate to trusted teachings, or traditions of, avow the Christian Church, or some other group.A meta- estimable response would be more interested in what you mean by right, and what it means by a right sexual action as opposed to a wrong one. Meta Ethics has produced a number of different schools, which we pull up stakes look at over the coming few weeks Ethical Naturalism (Definism) Ethical Non-naturalism (Intuitionism) Ethical Non-cognitivism (Emotivism)FOUR VIEWS OF ETHICSRecent corporate scandals including Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, and ImClone may cause m any to conclude that corporate has no ethics. The term ethics refers to rules and principles that define right and wrong conduct. FOUR VIEWS OF ETHICS1. functional VIEW of ethics says that Ethical decisions are do solely on the basis of their shades or consequences. Grea render good is leave whollyd for the swellest number Encourages capability and productivity and is consistent with the goal of advance maximization2. RIGHTS VIEW of ethics is concerned with adoreing and protecting individual liberties and privileges such as the rights to secrecy, free speech, and egress-of-pocket process. Respecting and protecting individual liberties and privileges Seeks to protect individual rights of conscience,free speech, life and safety, and receivable process To make ethical decisions, managers need to avoid interfering with the fundamental frequency rights of others3. Theory of Justice View of ethics is where managers impose and utilise rules clean and impartially and do so by drawing all legal rules and regulations. Organizational rules are enforced fairly and impartially and follow all legal rules and regulations Protects the interests of under symbolizeed stakeholders and the rights of employees4. INTEGRATIVE SOCIAL CONTRACTS theory proposes that ethical decisions be base on existing ethical norms in industries and communities in determining what constitutes right and wrong. Acts are moral when they promote the individuals topper semipermanent interests, which ultimately leads to the greater good Individualism is believed to lead to honesty and legality because that works best in the long surviveOVERVIEW OF ISSUES IN BUSINESS ETHICSGENERAL BUSINESS ETHICSThis part of business ethics overlaps with the philosophy of business, one of the aims of which is to determine the fundamental purposes of a partnership. If a companionships main purpose is to maximize the returns to its shareholders, then it could be seen as unethical for a fra ternity to consider the interests and rights of anyone else.Corporate friendly responsibility or CSR an umbrella term under which the ethical rights and duties existing surrounded by companies and troupe is debated. Issues regarding the moral rights and duties between a company and its shareholders fiduciary responsibility, stakeholder concept v. shareholder concept. Ethical issues concerning relations between different companiese.g. hostile takeovers, industrial espionage.Leadership issues corporate governance.Political contributions made by corporations.Law reform, such as the ethical debate over introducing a crime of corporate manslaughter. The misuse of corporate ethics policies as marketing instruments.PROFESSIONAL ETHICSProfessional ethics covers the myriad practical ethical problems and phenomena which arise erupt of specific functional areas of companies or in relation to recognized business professions.ETHICS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION Creative accounting, earnings foc using, misleading financial analysis. Insider trading, securities fraud, bucket shop, forex scams concerns (criminal) manipulation of the financial markets.Executive compensation concerns excessive payments made to corporate CEOs. Bribery, kickbacks, and facilitation payments while these may be in the (short-term) interests of the company and its shareholders, these practices may be anti-competitive or offend against the values of society.ETHICS OF homo RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The ethics of human resource management (HRM) covers those ethical issues arising well-nigh the employer-employee relationship, such as the rights and duties owed between employer and employee. Discrimination issues include disparity on the bases of age (ageism), gender, race, religion, disabilities, weight and attr agileness. See also affirmative action, sexual badgering. Issues surrounding the representation of employees and the democratization of the workplace union busting, strike breaking.Issues poignant t he privacy of the employee workplace surveillance, drug examination. Issues affecting the privacy of the employer whistle-blowing. Issues relating to the fairness of the employment contract and the balance of power between employer and employee slavery, indentured servitude, employment law. occupational safety and health.ETHICS OF SALES AND MARKETING visageeting which goes beyond the mere provision of information rough (and access to) a product may seek to manipulate our values and behavior. To some extent society regards this as acceptable, but where is the ethical line to be drawn? Marketing ethics overlaps loadedly with media ethics, because marketing makes heavy use of media. However, media ethics is a very much larger topic and extends outside business ethics. Pricing price fixing, price discrimination, price skimming. Anti-competitive practices these include but go beyond pricing tactical maneuver to cover issues such as manipulation of loyalty and supply chains. See ant i-competitive practices, antitrust law. Specific marketing strategies greenwash, bait and switch, shill, viral marketing, spam (electronic), benefit scheme, planned obsolescence. Content of advertisings attack ads, subliminal messages, sex in advertising, products regarded as immoral or harmful Children and marketing marketing in schools.ETHICS OF PRODUCTION This area of business ethics deals with the duties of a company to discipline that products and takings processes do not cause harm. roughly of the more sagacious dilemmas in this area arise out of the fact that there is usually a degree of danger in any product or production process and it is difficult to define a degree of permissibility, or the degree of permissibility may depend on the changing state of contraceptive technologies or changing social perceptions of acceptable insecurity.Defective, addictive and inherently suicidal products and services (e.g. tobacco, alcohol, weapons, motor vehicles, chemical manufact uring, bungeejumping). Ethical relations between the company and the environment pollution, environmental ethics, carbon e deputations trading. Ethical problems arising out of new technologies genetically modified food, mobile phone radiation and health. Product testing ethics wolf rights and animal testing, use of economically dis utilityd groups (such as students) as test objects.ETHICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS Knowledge and skills are valuable but not easily ownable objects. Nor is it obvious who has the greater rights to an idea the company who trained the employee or the employee themselves? The country in which the plant grew, or the company which discovered and developed the plants medicinal potential? As a result, attempts to assert monomania and ethical disputes over ownership arise. Patent infringement, copyright infringement, trademark infringement. Misuse of the sharp property systems to back up competition patent misuse, copyright misuse, paten t troll, submarine patent. Even the opinion of intellectual property itself has been criticised on ethical grounds see intellectual property. Employee raiding the practice of attracting key employees away from a competitor to take unfair advantage of the knowledge or skills they may possess.The practice of employing all the most talented people in a specific field, no matter of need, in order to restrain any competitors employing them. Bioprospecting (ethical) and biopiracy (unethical). Business intelligence and industrial espionage.INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ETHICS AND ETHICS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS The issues here are grouped together because they involve a much wider, world-wide view on business ethical matters.INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ETHICS season business ethics emerged as a field in the 1970s, worldwide business ethics did not emerge until the late 1990s, looking back on the internationalist developments of that decade. Many newpractical issues arose out of the international con text of business. Theoretical issues such as cultural relativity of ethical values receive more emphasis in this field. Other, older issues can be grouped here as well. Issues and subfields include The search for universal proposition values as a basis for international commercial behavior. e reference of business ethical traditions in different countries. Comparison of business ethical traditions from various religious perspectives. Ethical issues arising out of international business transactions e.g. bioprospecting and biopiracy in the pharmaceutical industry the fair trade movement alter pricing. Issues such as globalization and cultural imperialism.Varying global standards e.g. the use of child labour. The way in which multinationals take advantage of international differences, such as outsourcing production (e.g. clothes) and services (e.g. call centres) to low-wage countries. The permissibility of international art with pariah states.THEORETICAL ISSUES IN BUSINESS ETHICS CONFLICTING INTERESTSBusiness ethics can be examined from various perspectives, including the perspective of the employee, the commercial enterprise, and society as a whole. Very often, situations arise in which there is conflict between one or more of the parties, such that serving the interest of one party is a detriment to the other(s). For example, a particular outcome might be good for the employee, whereas, it would be bad for the company, society, or vice versa. Some ethicists (e.g., total heat Sidgwick) see the bargainer role of ethics as the harmonization and reconciliation of conflicting interests.ETHICAL ISSUES AND APPROACHESPhilosophers and others disagree active the purpose of a business ethic in society. For example, some suggest that the principal purpose of a business is to maximize returns to its owners, or in the fibre of a publicly-traded concern, its shareholders. Thus, under this view, only those activities thatincrease profitability and shareholder value sh ould be encouraged. Some believe that the only companies that are belike to hold water in a competitive marketplace are those that place profit maximization above everything else. However, some point out that self interest would still look at a business to obey the law and attach to basic moral rules, because the consequences of failing to do so could be very constitutely in fines, loss of lic discipline, or company reputation. The economist Milton Friedman was a leading proponent of this view.Other theorists contend that a business has moral duties that extend well beyond serving the interests of its owners or stockholders, and that these duties consist of more than simply obeying the law. They believe a business has moral responsibilities to so-called stakeholders, people who have an interest in the conduct of the business, which might include employees, guests, vendors, the topical anaesthetic community, or even society as a whole. They would say that stakeholders have t rusted rights with regard to how the business run shorts, and some would suggest that this includes even rights of governance. Some theorists have adapted social contract theory to business, whereby companies become quasi-democratic associations, and employees and other stakeholders are disposed office over a companys operations.This approach has become especially popular subsequent to the revival of contract theory in political philosophy, which is largely due to John Rawls A Theory of Justice, and the advent of the consensus-oriented approach to solving business problems, an aspect of the prime(prenominal) movement that emerged in the 1980s. Professors Thomas Donaldson and Thomas Dunfee proposed a version of contract theory for business, which they call Integrative Social Contracts Theory. They posit that conflicting interests are best resolved by formulating a fair agreement between the parties, using a combination of i) Macro-principles that all rational people would agree u pon as universal principles, and, ii) Micro-principles formulated by actual agreements among the interested parties. Critics say the proponents of contract theories miss a central point, namely, that a business is soulfulnesss property and not a mini-state or a means of distributing socialjustice.Ethical issues can arise when companies moldiness survey with triple and sometimes conflicting legal or cultural standards, as in the case of multinational companies that operate in countries with varying practices. The question arises, for example, ought a company to obey the laws of its home country, or should it follow the less wet laws of the developing country in which it does business? To illustrate, United States law forbids companies from compensable bribes either domestically or overseas however, in other move of the world, bribery is a customary, accepted way of doing business. Similar problems can hap with regard to child labor, employee safety, work hours, wages, discrimi nation, and environmental protection laws. It is sometimes claimed that a Greshams law of ethics applies in which bad ethical practices sustain out good ethical practices. It is claimed that in a competitive business environment, those companies that survive are the ones that recognize that their only role is to maximize profits. On this view, the competitive system harbors a downward ethical spiral.ETHICS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRYIn the corporate world, business ethics have a major role to play in the manufacturing sector too. It is the duty of the manufacturer to produce the products and goods according to the customers requirements and satisfaction. He / She has to produce goods which is of good shade, reasonable price and to top it all it should be safe to use by the customer. In case if the products produced by a particular company are not up to the customers expectations or requirements then the customer has a right to question the manufacturer and be equilibrise for the damage caused to him on using the product. Thus, all companies are taking great care and paying assistance to produce proper and good woodland products adhering to the standards, lest their companys reputation does not get affected. Despite all these consumer rights assuming great importance in the society, do allmanufacturing industries follow ethical values and principles in their day to day lives?A Business that makes nothing but Money is a Poor kind of Business. Henry Ford Whether it is for the sake of beating competition or simply because it makes good business reek, companies now have started to internalize business ethics and values. Ethics have become a part and parcel of the entire manufacturing process. sometime back the bottom line of an enterprise used to be fiscal profits but this bottom line today comprises a whole gamut of subjects like quality assurance, environmental friendly practices, Corporate Social state (CSR) and many more. Gone are the days when compan ies could act philanthropic and benevolent by parting with a miniscule portion of their profits. There is no recognition for an organization that fails to recognize ethics and values in its sphere of influence area.MOTOROLAMotorola is known around the world for innovation and leadership in radiocommunication and broadband communications. Inspired by its vision of Seamless Mobility, the people of Motorola are connected to military serviceing people get and stay connected simply and seamlessly to information, and entertainment that you want and need. Motorola does this by designing and delivering the mustiness have products, must do experiences and powerful networks along with a full complement of tide over services. A Fortune 100 company with global presence and conflict, Motorola had gross revenue of US$35.3 billion in 2005.KEY BELIEFS THE WAY MOTOROLA WILL eternally ACTMotorolas Key Beliefs have been in existence for decades, and Motorola continues to have a strong cultu re of corporate ethics and citizenship. Since its original arrangement in the 1970s, its Code of Business Conduct has provided Motorola employees guidance for their business activities, placing a priority on establishing trust with its stakeholders. However, it is not enough to declare its good values. Motorola is connected to acting onthemthrough the potential of its technology and the way they conduct their business. The EthicsLine expands information, advice and suggestions. Use it to discuss any concern or problem not just for emergencies. The EthicsLine strives to make sure that all questions or concerns are wrap upd fairly, discreetly and thoroughly.ETHICAL PRACTICES PRACTICED BY MOTOROLATimes lead change. Our products will change. Our people will change. Our customers will change. What will not change is our dedication to our key beliefs. The key beliefs define who they are as individuals and as a company to each other, its customers, its shareholders, its suppliers, its competitors and its communities. Uncompromising integrity means staying true to what they believe. Motorola adheres to honesty, fairness and doing the right thing without compromise, even when circumstances make it difficult. Constant respect for people means how Motorola cut throughs everyone with dignity. Constant respect applies to every individual they interact with around the world. The Code of Business Conduct is a guide to help Motorolans live up to Motorolas postgraduate ethical standards and their own. It summarizes many of the laws that Motorola and all Motorolans are required to live by. The Code goes beyond the legal minimums, however, by describing the ethical values we share as Motorolans.The Code is neither a contract nor a comprehensive manual that covers every situation Motorolans passim the world might encounter. It extravagantlylights key issues and identifies policies and resources to help Motorolans reach decisions that will make Motorola proud.MOTOROLA s RESPONSIBILITY TO MOTOROLANSWe respect the dignity of each Motorolan. Motorolans will treat each other with respect and fairness at all times. They will value the difference of diverse individuals from around the world. Employment decisions will be found on business reasons, such as qualifications, talents and achievements, and will comply with local and national employment laws. Abusive, harassing or offensive conduct is unacceptable, whether verbal, physical or visual. Examples include derogatory comments establish on racial or ethnic characteristics and unwelcome sexual advances.The Motorolans are encouraged to speak out if a co-workers conduct makes them uncomfortable and to report harassment if it occurs. They are all responsible for giveing a safe workplace by following safety and health rules and practices. They are responsible for immediately report accidents, injuries and unsafe equipment, practices or conditions to a supervisor or other designated person. Motorola is committed to keeping its workplaces free from hazards. To protect the safety of all employees, each of them must report to work free from the influence of any substance that could prevent them from conducting work activities safely and effectively. Threats or acts of violence or physical disincentive are prohibited.MOTOROLAs RESPONSIBILITY TO CUSTOMERS AND CONSUMERSWe earn customer loyalty by delivering on our promises. Maintaining Motorolas valuable reputation requires complying with its quality processes and safety requirements. Motorola builds long-term relationships with its customers by demonstrating honesty and integrity. Its marketing and advertising will be consummate and truthful. Deliberately misleading messages, omissions of alpha facts or false claims about its competitors offerings are unacceptable. They obtain business legally and ethically. Bribes or kickbacks are unacceptable. Guidance on customer gifts, travel and entertainment is in the Conflicts of Interest s ection of this Code. Motorola protects its customer information that is sensitive, private or confidential just as guardedly as they protect their own. Only those who have a need to know, have access to confidential information.MOTOROLAs RESPONSIBILITY TO COMMUNITIESAs a global corporate citizen, Motorola creates products and provides services that benefit people around the world. Motorola serves society byproviding life-enhancing products and services at a fair price, and by actively living the communities in which they operate. Motorola, the Motorola Foundation and Motorolans throughout the world provide generous financial and voluntary sustenance to thousands of worthwhile community programs. Motorolans are free to buy at community, charity and political organizations and causes of their choice, as long as they make it pass water that their views and actions are not those of Motorola. Employees outside activities must not interfere with muse performance. No Motorolan may p ressure another employee to express a view that is contrary to a personal belief, or to contribute to or support political, religious or charitable causes.Motorola respects the environment by complying with all applicable environmental laws in all countries in which they conduct operations. Motorola is committed to protecting the environment by minimizing the environmental impact of its operations and operating(a) its businesses in ways that cheer sustainable use of the worlds natural resources. Motorolans must comply with Motorolas environmental policies and programs. Notify management if hazardous materials come into contact with the environment or are improperly handled or discarded. Motorola provides fair, accurate, timely and easy to understand information to the public. To ensure schoolmaster and consistent handling, requests from the media are forwarded to the local communications group or Corporate Communications. Requests from financial analysts and shareholders are forwa rded to Investor Relations.ETHICS IN THE EDUCATION SECTOR homo existences have an naive ethical sense that urges them to make predictable choices. Although most people believe that their actions are guided by logic and reason, reason often acts only as a mechanism to justify these choices. Ethics education is about recognizing the real power of ones innate ethical sense and how it influences our behavior. In this way we can free reason to become a tool to truly guide our actions. Without the wisdom that results from sagaciousness ones innate ethical self, reason remains a powerful propaganda prop for unchallenged intrinsic human ethical imperatives. educational institutions are microcosms of culture and the society thatsupports them. As such, they should be bastions of ethical behavior. These institutions should be the training ground for students to determine and practice their personal ethics code which will guide them for the remained of their lives. Each classroom becomes a l aboratory of the process of decision making, and of critically examining choices in the workplace, interpersonal relationships, and personal lives. Teachers can play an primal role in assisting students to view ethical choices as a vital part of their future lives, both as professionals and in their passing(a) living.The first step in the evolution of ethics is a sense of solidarity with other human beings. Albert Schweitzer, German doctor and Theologian.SCHOOL OF ETHICSBusiness ethics to students has become a critical issue as the future of any nation lies in creating not just CEOs and headers but in creating successful individuals who are ethically strong. Ethics can be taught in two major ways1. THE PHILOSOPHYThe best way to encourage students on this path would be to ask students to think of actions that they consider morally right and wrong. Responses like that is what our society says should be light resisted, on the grounds that they do not account for why certain kinds of actions are favored over others. Later the exercise is repeated with business situations like deceptive product representation, the subjection of employees to unsafe or solemn working conditions (particularly without their consent), discrimination, padding expense reports and other self-interested lines, monopolistic practices that exclude competitors from the market, and so forth.2. CONVERSATIONAL METHOD OF TEACHING BUSINESS ETHICSUsing chatal go steadying in business ethics teaching perspirations will allow for students to become self-reflective, to learn the value of dialogue and goodmoral conversation, to learn about others attainment experiences and attitudes, and to apply the knowledge gained to organizational life. The process seems to foster a trusting environment, one in which students engage in active participation and take personal risks in the classroom.ROLE OF THE STUDENT earreach to others with the role of learning with them Reflecting intentionally to gain or ganizational life. Being return minded and accepting that there are multiple legitimate and operable perspectives and possibilities in any situation. Understanding that there is no right answer or right approach in an ethical situation. Being proactive in anticipating potential ethical and moral dilemmas and finding different ways to learn from different perspectives about how one might address such dilemmas. more understanding of the complexities ofROLE OF THE TEACHERThe conversational methods of teaching business ethics have the following requisitesKnowing ones strengths and shortcomings, being honest with oneself, continuously striving to increase our ethical (and other) self awareness, pursuit and listening to feedback from responsible peers and colleagues. Building an atmosphere of trust and psychological safety and a norm of copive responsibility in the classroom. Generating empathy in the students and making them learn from each others experiences. Reflecting and buildi ng on differences in perspectives of different students. Emphasizing relationships and social interactions and proactively managing the dynamics of ethical and moral situations, challenges, opportunities and dilemmas.In the long run meaningful dialogue promotes deeper commitment to the goal, purpose of mission of teaching business ethics. However, it is important to recognize that the introduction to talking and learning about values, beliefs, morals and other ethically related issues often generates in students powerful emotional responses ranging from self doubt and shame tofrustration and confusion.ETHICS IN the it sectorEthics in IT industry and BPO is a form of art of applied ethics that examines ethical rules and principles within a commercial context, the various moral or ethical problems that can arise in a setting of any industry and any special duties or obligations that apply to persons who are engaged. Every IT industry has one or more values, whether they are consciousl y aware of it or not. Another way of saw it is that a value is a statement of the companys intention and commitment to achieve a high level of performance on a specific Qualitative or Quantitative factor. As a part of more comprehensive submission and ethic programs in IT companies, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees. These policies can be simple exhortations in broad, extremely generalized language, or they can be more detailed policies containing specific requirements.They are generally meant to identify the companies expectations of workers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical problems that might arise. It is hoped that having such a policy will lead toEthical Awareness Improvements in ethical policies Consistency in application turning away of ethical disasters An increasing number of companies also require employees to attend seminars regarding ethical conduct, which often include disc ussions of the companys policies, specific case studies and legal requirements. Some companies even require their employees to sign agreements stating that they will abide to the ethical codes and practices. Every right implies a responsibility every opportunity an obligationETHICs bpo credentialWhy must BPO Companies hire Ethical HackersBPO organizations must secure their IT infrastructure and networks. Just as corporations employ auditors to routinely examine financial records, so should BPO Service Providers audit certificate policy. Without security audits and compliance controls, no real security exists. This is a big problem. There are plenty of individuals waiting to test and probe your organizations security stance. These individuals range from government to corporate spies, to hackers, crackers, script kiddies, or those who write and emission malicious code into the wild. Their presence in your network is not a good thingWho are Ethical Hackers?An ethical hacker is most similar to a penetration tester. The ethical hacker is an individual who is employ or contracted to undertake an attempted penetration test. These individuals use the analogous methods employed by hackers. In case you were unsure hacking is a felony in the United States. Ethical Hackers have written authorization to probe a network. Only then is this attempted hack legal, as there is a contract between the ethical hacker and the organization. In 1995, long before todays stringent guidelines, one individual received 3 felony counts, 5 stratums probation, 480 hours of community service, and a $68,000 legal bill for failing to insure proper authorization.How is Ethical Hacking Performed?Primarily, ethical hackers are employed in groups to perform penetration tests. These groups are commonly referred as Red Teams. These individuals are paid by the organization to poke, prod, and determine the overall level of security. Again, what is important here is that they have been given writ ten permission to perform this test and have detailed apprenticedaries to work within. Dont be lulled into believe that the penalties fro legal penetration are low, it is a felonyWhat is the Test about?The apprised Ethical Hacker Exam consists of 21 domains covered in 50questions. It has a two hour time limit. These questions have multiple choice answer options. During the test, it is allowed to mark questions for which the answers are not too sure about and then return for later review. The domains were compiled to evaluate the full range of security testing. One must also point how hacker tools work and demonstrate knowledge of professional security tools, as well as how these tools are utilized. The 21 domains are as follows 1. Ethics and Legal Issues 2. Footprinting 3. Scanning 4. scroll 5. System Hacking 6. Trojans and Backdoors 7. Sniffers 8. Denial of Service 9. Social Engineering 10.Session Hijacking 11.Hacking Web Servers 12.We Application Vulnerabilities 13.Web Based Password Cracking Techniques 14.SQL Injection 15.Hacking Wireless Networks 16.Virus and Worms 17.Hacking Novell 18.Hacking Linux 19.IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots 20.Buffer Overflows 21.CryptographyETHICS IN the food sectorWhether we eat to live or live to eat, we all would have been out to eat, at some point in our lives. The above statement is seriously understated since most of us eat out at least once a week. Whenever we visit a hotel or buy some packaged food, it indirectly indicates the trustworthiness of the brand. The rudimentary factor contributing towards a brand image is the ethics followed by the company. The food industry shoulders a huge responsibility the health of their patrons / consumers. The industry has to adhere to laws, procedures, norms and several quality standards. Right from the raw materials, the various ingredients, procurement to the processing and packaging activities have to be meticulously carried out. Now let us see how the various ethical aspects a re dealt with in this industry.AAVIN justice of drawThe first cooperative diary was set up at Chennai city during the year 1927. The state diary development department was established in 1958. The first modern diary plant with a expertness to handle 50,000 litres per day of pasteurized take out was established in the year 1963 at Madhavaram near Chennai with the aid from virgin Zealand. A diary to handle 50,000 litres per day wasset up at Madurai with the assistance of the UNICEF in 1967. The system consisted of supervised milking at the village level and the transportation of the raw milk in aluminum cans through hired transport vehicles to milk dismay plants or directly to the diary.Quality control happens to be the core share of the organization. Especially since AAVIN deals with perishable products the quality standards and fulfilling them is crucial for the sustenance of the organization. It has added to AAVINS saving grace through the ages and also has led to diversifi cation in the long run. The quality control department makes state of the art machines and techniques for fulfilling their promise to provide high quality and salubrious products. Aavin has taken up measures to improve the quality of raw milk procured at the village level milk co-operative societies and also to enforce clean milk practices at the society level to enhance the quality of milk at the initial level itself. The clean milk production programme, includes not only the production of good quality milk, but also improves animal management, feed and fodder, artificial insemination, training to farmers and society personnel, installation of intensity coolers, maintaining milk yard free from flies, dirt and so on and usage of SS vessels to maintain minimum level of bacterial load, according to Aavin sources. In the diary co-operatives, the milk procurement staff is given training in clean milk production at NDDB training centres.The milk producers are educated for hygienic man agement of animals, milking methods and handling of milk. They are also provided with SS pails and antiseptic solutions for cleaning the animal udder etc. Massive awareness campaigns are carried out among the society members. At present Aavin has three diaries in Chennai, on at Ambattur with a capacity of 4LLPD (Lakh Litre per Day), at Madhavaram with a capacity of 2 LLPD and the trinity one at Sholinganallur with a capacity of 4 LLPD for procuring milk from regularize unions, process and packaging in sachets to cater to the needs of consumers in and around Chennai city. All the three diaries are certified with ISO 90012000. Efforts are also being taken to get the HACCP certification for these three diaries.33ETHICS IN media & advertising sectorMedia Ethics is the subdivision of applied ethics dealing with the particular ethical principles and standards of media, including broadcast media, film, theatre, the arts, print media and the internet. This is the general definition of me dia ethics and as the definition suggests, there are many dimensions to media. In todays world, media is given a lot of importance and is considered to be the voice of the public. But there are some who take undue advantage of the freedom given to them for the sake of money, fame or in most cases both. damp of code of conduct in this industry has more effect on people as it can be seen and followed explicitly. People trust media to give them accurate information and are at time deceived by its overstated versions. Media is a double edged sword and it has to be handled very carefully. Its impact is long time and is very powerful and influencing. A balance has to be struck between the purpose of media with the code of ethics.Nowadays people know the price of everything and the value of nothing. Oscar Wilde, Irish Dramatist and PoetFACEBOOK AD PLATFORMFacebook Ads represent a completely new way of advertising online. For the last ascorbic acid years media has been pushed out to pe ople, but now marketers are going to be a part of the conversation. And theyre going to do this by using the social graph in the same way our users do. Mark Zuckerberg (Zuckerberg), expose and CEO, Facebook, in 2007.The new advertising system will target ads based on personal information shared by users with their friends It also reeks of unethical practices since when these users joined Facebook they were not told or given thechance to opt out and state that their personal information like interests, relationship status, work history, etc. should not be used. Sujatha Ganesan, a Business and Technology Lawyer, in 2007.This case discusses the ethical and privacy concerns pertaining to Facebooks new ad system. On November 06, 2007, Mark Zuckerberg (Zuckerberg), the founder and CEO of Facebook introduced an ad system called Facebook Ads to connect business houses with Facebook users. As of November 2007, Facebook had 55 million active registered users, and was the second fastest gro wing social networking site, with an astounding year-on-year growth rate of 133 percent. This new system was expected to facilitate offering of cave in targeted advertisements to the users. According to Zuckerberg, the new ad platform would provide a very different way of online advertising as it would give the advertiser a chance to be a part of the conversation by using the social graph in the same way as the Facebook users did.Earlier this summer, a Miss America contestant was blackmailed using pictures from her old Facebook page to try to get her dethroned from her title of Miss New Jersey. Amy Polumbo had deleted her Facebook page before the state pageant, but that didnt stop an nameless sender who called themselves the Committee to Save Miss America. Polumbo did not give up her crown, and the photos that were sent were not as bad as they were made out to be. But it teaches us all a lesson, especially business owners, about how open one should be on social networking sites. P otential risk to using social networking sites for business related purposes is privacy. One of the hottest issues is Facebooks new social ad policy, which allows you to basically become a free advertisement for any company they share information with.For example, when you rent a celluloid from Blockbuster Video, that information is shared with Facebook. Then all of your friends know what you have rented. This can be embarrassing if your business colleague see your Facebook page. The Facebook privacy policy, for example, not only gives them permission to share your information with a ordinal party, it also states thatthey may obtain information about you from other sources, such as newspapers, blogs and the like. So not only are they able to take information about you from their site, but they can use information they collect from other sources.Benefits of Managing Ethics in the WorkplaceMany people are used to reading or hearing of the moral benefits of economic aid to business ethics. However, there are other types of benefits, as well. The following list describes various types of benefits from managing ethics in the workplace. precaution to business ethics has substantially cave in society. A matter of decades ago, children in our country worked 16-hour days. Workers limbs were torn off and modify workers were condemned to poverty and often to starvation. Trusts controlled some markets to the extent that prices were fixed and small businesses choked out. Price fixing crippled normal market forces. Employees were terminated based on personalities. Influence was applied through intimidation and harassment. Then society reacted and demanded that businesses place high value on fairness and equal rights. Anti-trust laws were instituted. authorities agencies were established. Unions were organized. Laws and regulations were established.Ethics programs help maintain a moral course in turbulent times. Attention to business ethics is critical during times of fundamental change times much like those confront now by businesses, both nonprofit and for-profit. During times of change, there is often no clear moral compass to guide leaders through complex conflicts about what is right or wrong. Continuing attention to ethics in the workplace sensitizes leaders and staff to how they want to act consistently. Ethics programs cultivate strong teamwork and productivity. Ethics programs align employee behaviors with those top priority ethical values like by leaders of the organization. Usually, an organization finds surprising disparity between its favorite(a) values and the values actually reflected by behaviors in the workplace.Ongoing attention and dialogue regarding values in the workplace builds openness, integrity and community critical ingredients of strong teams in the workplace. Employees feel strong alignment between their values and those of the organization. They react with strong motivation and performance. Ethics programs sup port employee growth and meaning. Attention to ethics in the workplace helps employees face reality, both good and bad -in the organization and themselves. Employees feel full confidence they can admit and deal with whatever comes their way. Ethics programs are an insurance policy they help ensure that policies are legal. There are an increasing number of lawsuits in regard to personnel matters and to effects of an organizations services or products on stakeholders. Ethical principles are often state-of-the-art legal matters. These principles are often applied to current, major ethical issues to become edict. Attention to ethics ensures highly ethical policies and procedures in the workplace. Its far better to incur the cost of mechanisms to ensure ethical practices now than to incur costs of litigation later.A major intent of well-designed personnel policies is to ensure ethical treatment of employees, e.g., in matters of hiring, evaluating, disciplining, firing, etc. Ethics prog rams help avoid criminal acts of omission and can lower fines. Ethics programs tend to detect ethical issues and violations early on so they can be reported or addressed. In some cases, when an organization is aware of an actual or potential violation and does not report it to the appropriate authorities, this can be considered a criminal act, e.g., in business dealings with certain government agencies, such as the defending team Department. Ethics programs help manage values associated with quality management, strategic planning and diversity management this benefit needs far more attention. Ethics programs identify preferred values and ensuring organizational behaviors are aligned with those values. This effort includes recording the values, developing policies and procedures to align behaviors with preferred values, and then training all personnel about the policies and procedures.This overall effort is very useful for several other programs in the workplace that require behav iors to be aligned with values, including quality management, strategic planning and diversity management. Total Quality Management includes high priority on certain operating values, e.g., trust among stakeholders, performance, reliability, measurement, and feedback. Eastman and Polaroid use ethics tools in their quality programs to ensure integrity in their relationships with stakeholders. Ethics management techniques are highly useful for managing strategic values, e.g., expand marketshare, reduce costs, etc. Ethics programs promote a strong public image. Attention to ethics is also strong public relations admittedly, managing ethics should not be done primarily for reasons of public relations.The fact that an organization regularly gives attention to its ethics can portray a strong positive to the public. People see those organizations as valuing people more than profit, as striving to operate with the utmost of integrity and honor. Aligning behavior with values is critical to effective marketing and public relations programs. Overall benefits of ethics programs Managing ethical values in the workplace legitimizes managerial actions, strengthens the coherence and balance of the organizations culture, improves trust in relationships between individuals and groups, supports greater consistency in standards and qualities of products, and cultivates greater sensitivity to the impact of the enterprises values and messages. Last and most formal attention to ethics in the workplace is the right thing to do.CONCLUSIONWhenever and wherever there are meaningful discussions to create better socio-economic conditions in the society or to make the world a better place to live in, the discussions invariably touch Business and Industry or Trade and Commerce also besides other areas of human activities. Those who run their business or industry on principles of honesty, integrity and justice are the ones who raise the prestige of their nation and are inspiring examples unto others. However, there are people who indulge into unfair, unjust, dishonest or socially harmful activities and do not believe infairplay and excellence. Business has created the wealth that has given unprecedented numbers of individuals financial control of their lives.It has expanded immeasurably the range of goods and services available to individuals. It has broken down countless centuries-old barriers of racial, sexual, religious, and ethnic prejudice. And it has been the vehicle for countless numbers of individuals to develop their fullest potentials in achieving their dreams. In short, business has been a prime mover in making it possible for millions to pursue their lives in a wealthy, healthy, rational and exciting world. Because business decisions often require specialized knowledge, ethical issues are often more complicated than those faced in personal life and effective decision making requires consistency.Because each business situation is different, and not all d ecisions are simple, many organizations have embraced ethical codes of conduct and rules of professional ethics to guide managers and employees. However, sometimes self-regulation proves lacking(p) to protect the interest of customers, organizations, or society. At that point, pressures for regulation and enactment of legislation to protect the interests of all parties in the exchange process will likely occur. Maintaining a strong ethical culture is essential for complying with the laws and regulations, but this alone cannot be the motivation for ethical culture building. Beyond the large impact an organizations culture has on the bottom line, the development of programs to foster ethical conduct must maintain a focus on fairness, encouragement, and communication at all employee levels. Along these lines, employees must be given the appropriate tools and models to align their behavior with company culture and engage in ethical decision-making.The attitudes, choices, and actions of business leaders play a primary role in the creation of an organizations ethical culture and climate expectations for employees ethical behavior can only be set as high as the organizations leadership is willing to meet. A leaders ability to consistently promote ethical conduct in an organization is critical to ensuring that employees understand how to make doing what is right a priority. Thus it can beconcluded that, Ethics are important not only in business but in all aspects of life because it is an essential part of the foundation on which of a genteel society is build. A business or society that lacks ethical principles is bound to fail sooner or later.Live in such a way that you would not be Ashamed to sell your parrot to the township gossip. Will Rogers